三十三年驻守东北湿地，春来秋去，只为守护那一方候鸟 | Bird Conservationist
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Fu Jianguo has been guarding over 290 kinds of wild birds in Lindian wetland in northeast China's Heilongjiang Province for more than thirty years. He often is on the lookout for illegal poachers and has fought off quite a few.
Jianguo was born in 1962 in Lindian, Heilongjiang Province. He fell in love with birds when he was a child, as he always watched his father taking care of cranes for the zoo.
In 1984, he started working in Lindian wetland. He has previously been a wildlife photographer, a bird guide, and even participated in scientific wildlife activities. Then, he found that he couldn't separate himself from the birds. He then set up the Daqing Lindian Wildlife Conservation Society. He devotes all his time to wildlife conservation and leads a group of members doing conservation work together.
为了和非法盗猎者搏斗，他曾被人用枪指着脑袋，曾被车拖出一公里多，也曾掉进冰窟窿里，摔成轻微脑震荡。三十几年来，他在中国东北的林甸湿地， 守护着这里的两百九十多种野生鸟类。
他叫付建国，1962年生于黑龙江林甸。从小看父亲为动物园代养鹤，就开始喜欢上鸟儿。1984年，他来到林甸湿地，先是为鸟儿拍照片，后来做过鸟导游，还参加了不少鸟类科考活动。就这样一步一步走上爱鸟、护鸟的道路。如今，他成立了“大庆市林甸野生动物保护协会”，带领一帮志愿者全职做野保。
付建国常常用望远镜观察鸟的行为，同时监视湿地里的盗猎活动。
Lindian wetland, spanning around 500 square kilometers and filled with insects and crustaceans, provides a perfect feeding ground for multiple bird species during the migration seasons. It is also a breeding ground for endangered species like the red-crown crane, great bustard, and oriental white stork.
Due to the wetland's high biodiversity, poachers often have their eyes on plenty of the birds there. They use poison, nets, snares, and traps to kill or catch the birds. They even steal the birds' eggs during the breeding season. In order to save the birds from poaching, Fu is busy patrolling day and night during the migration seasons.
林甸湿地面积大约五万公顷，有着丰富的动植物资源，既是众多候鸟迁徙的重要驿站，也是丹顶鹤、大鸨、东方白鹳等濒危物种的繁殖地。
面积大，候鸟多，盗猎者随之而来。他们在地里下毒、架鸟网、设陷阱、放兽夹，更有甚者，直接下到湿地里偷鸟蛋。为了制止盗猎，在候鸟迁徙季节，老付几乎每天都在做巡护。
While conducting a patrol in May 2018, Fu caught suspects he believed had stolen some birds' eggs. He immediately searched for evidence and soon found two buckets of eggs, one in the poacher's car, and the other hidden in the reed. He seized a total of 74 eggs. Fu recognized that four of the eggs were from the pied avocet, a type of wild duck species. The eggs were still tepid when Fu found them. If they had not been stolen, they would have hatched sooner.
Fu alerted the police at once. Policemen soon came to the scene, took the evidence and arrested the suspected poachers. This was the second time that Fu found poachers stealing eggs this year. Compared with the previous years, things are changing for the better. "Once I found a poacher who had attempted to steal almost 1,000 eggs in one day," said Fu.
2018年5月，老付在巡护途中，发现有疑似偷盗鸟蛋者，他立即下车寻找证据。果然，在嫌疑车辆内找到一桶野鸟蛋，随后又在附近芦苇丛中发现一桶野鸟蛋，两桶一共74枚蛋。经老付辨认，有四枚是反嘴鹬的蛋，其它的基本上是野鸭的。查获时，蛋尚有余温，如果没有被偷盗，新的生命应该很快就要诞生了。
见此情形，老付立刻报警。公安机关接到报案后马上出警，到现场取证，并逮捕犯罪嫌疑人。这是今年当地查处的第二起偷盗鸟蛋案件。相比于往年，情况已经有所好转。老付回忆说：“以前最多的时候一个人一天可以捡多达一千枚蛋。”
付建国行走在湿地里，为了寻找捡拾鸟蛋的证据。
Fu spends most of his time in his dark green second-hand jeep while patrolling the area. His patrol jeep runs from the mild green reed lands to the severe cold white ice lands, day after day, year after year. Once during winter, in order to protect the endangered great bustard species, he stayed in an old bus insulated with sheets of foam for 45 days. Temperatures here can drop as low as minus 36 degrees Celsius.
巡护的日子大部分是在车上度过的。他那辆墨绿色的二手越野车从湿地的春夏开到秋冬，日复一日，年复一年。有一年冬天，为了守护在这里越冬的濒危物种大鸨，零下三十几度的天气，他就守在一辆改装过的废弃公交车里，吃住全在车上，整整四十五天，寸步不离。
Apart from patrolling, there is one big task that Fu has to work on in winter, and that is to make artificial nests for the oriental white storks. Oriental white storks, a class I protected species in China, were listed as an endangered species in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
There are only around 3,000 left in the wild. Their main breeding places are in the northeastern regions of China and far eastern regions of Russia. They love to build nests on high trees in wetlands. But due to human activities, the amount of habitats the storks need to build their nests is becoming less and less.
In 1984, Fu discovered that one stork couple found no place to build a nest, so they chose to nest on an old aerial pole. After that, an idea ran through his mind, to make artificial nests for oriental white storks. In 1989, he began his first attempt at making three artificial nests in the Zhalong nature reserve. When spring arrived, two stork couples were successful breeding in the nests. He was pleased.
Since then, he has continued to make nests in the wetland. It was miraculous that storks breed in one of the nests continuously for 11 years since 2007.
除了巡护，冬季他们还得干一件大事——为东方白鹳搭建人工巢。东方白鹳属于国家一级保护动物，在IUCN红皮书中被列为濒危物种，全球仅存3000只左右。中国东北和俄罗斯远东地区是它们主要的繁殖地。东方白鹳喜欢在湿地里高大的乔木上筑巢。由于人类的生产活动，适合东方白鹳筑巢的环境越来越少。1984年，付建国发现一对东方白鹳找不到合适的筑巢地，最后跑到一个废弃的航空架子上筑巢。于是，在1989年，他就和扎龙保护区的科研人员一起在湿地里为东方白鹳搭建了三个人工巢。没想到在来年的春天，就有两个巢成功迎来了东方白鹳繁殖。从那以后，老付又陆续在湿地里搭建了十几个人工巢。其中有一巢，从2007年至今，连续十一年了，每年都有东方白鹳在巢内繁殖。
盗猎者用毒药杀害鸟类。
"Building artificial nests for oriental white storks could promote their breeding and it plays a good role in protecting them", said Li Lin, an ornithologist at the Wildlife Institute of Heilongjiang Province.
It is not easy to build an artificial nest in the wetlands. It takes time to think about the location and materials. It must be completed in winter when the wetlands are frozen. In order to save money, Fu called on many volunteers, found disused electric poles, and bought reinforcement bars from a flea market. They completed the process including sealing-in and drilling all by themselves.
对于搭建人工巢，黑龙江省野生动物研究所的研究员李林给出了这样的观点：“做适量的人工巢可以促进东方白鹳的繁殖，对它的保护起了很好的作用。”
搭建一个人工巢并不容易，从巢址的选择，到巢材的准备，都要用心考量。而且一定要冬天来做，因为冬天湿地结冰了，方便出入。为了节约费用，老付找来了废旧的电线杆，钢筋则是从旧物市场淘来的。再召集几名志愿者，焊接、钻洞全都自己干。
其中有一个老付建的人工巢，连续11年都有东方白鹳繁殖成功。
300 days of the year, Fu is on the field with the birds. He sleeps whether in an old bus or in a guard station. The guard station is right inside the wetland, 50 kilometers away from the nearest town. During the rainy season, the road becomes muddy, which makes driving around the area difficult. It is normal if there is no power and no mobile phone signal there.
It was in the year 2000 that Fu rescued a golden eagle. "The bird did not get the necessary treatment in time and it was not able to live in the wild by itself. We tried to release it to the wild many times, but we failed," said Fu. Till now, Fu kept the golden eagle for 18 years. Fu feeds it more than 500 grams of meat every day, which is not a small expense.
一年365天，他有300天是在野外陪鸟儿一起度过的，要么睡车里，要么睡保护站。保护站就在湿地里，离县城50多公里。一到了雨季，道路就变得泥泞不堪，车辆根本无法通行。站里还经常断电，手机没信号也很正常。
2000年的时候，站里救助了一只金雕，因小时候被别人救助不当，导致后来多次野放都不成功。到现在都养了18年了，成了常客，每天要一斤多的肉伺候。这么多年来，光买肉就是一笔不小的开销。
冬季，湿地结冰了，也正是这样，老付才好进入湿地，为东方白鹳搭建人工巢。
Fu gets funds from volunteers and foundations to support his conservation work. He usually tries to make the most with little expenses. He is easily satisfied with his life, rice with one dish is enough for a meal. He even uses a second-hand mobile phone.
The work he does is hard, and he doesn't have any income, but he insists in doing it for the rest of his life. He loves observing birds, making nests in spring, watching chicks learn to fly in the summer, watching them migrant to the south in autumn, and babysitting resident birds in the winter.
"Every effort is worth it if our next generation gets to see all the species that I have seen, that's enough," said Fu.
老付做野保的费用，大部分靠志愿者和基金会捐赠。为了节省开支，他对生活几乎是没有要求，每餐吃一饭一菜就够了，连手机都是二手的。
这样的工作，既辛苦又赚不到钱，但老付坚持要做一辈子。 他喜欢春季的时候看鸟儿筑巢，夏季的时候看雏鸟练飞，秋季的时候目送鸟儿南下，冬季的时候照顾留下来的家伙。
倘若子孙后代还能看到这样的景象，那他所做的一切，便都值得了。
Director: Lin Yingying
Story written by: Lin Yingying
English editor: Melissa Chua
Chief Editor: Wang Dewei
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